CN C plasma cutters use a plasma torch to cut heavy metals like steel. This functions through the conversion of gases that the cutter blows at high speed into plasma. The plasma, which is usually very hot, melts any metal the machine is cutting.
Pieces of metals at the cutting site are also blown away by the high pressure. Electrical Discharge Machines can be virtual or wire machines. These machines use electric sparks to cut through metal sheets. With this, they create specific shapes and sizes of materials. Aside from these five types of CNC machines, other types are available in the market. With the advent of CNC machines, manufacturing has been made easier as more precise and accurate projects can be done at the least possible time.
Since ancient times, cutting tools have existed. Initially, we built them with stones, so these metallic tools are of much value in the manufacturing world. Although all cutting tools serve one purpose, to cut through a material, there is a huge difference in their purpose. Normally, for a cutting tool to be effective, it has to:. In practice, different CNC cutting tools perform cutting operations. Based on that material, we classify cutting tools into:. These cutting tools are inexpensive and are mainly for low-speed operations.
They have a carbon composition of 0. With this combination, it improves hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. It also offers higher removal rate for metals and other materials. T hese chemically inert tools are corrosion-resistant and 10x faster than high-speed steel. Usually,aluminum oxide and silicon nitride make up ceramics materials.
Projects that require top-notch finish operations normally use ceramics. Designed for high-speed operations, these carbide tools are extraordinarily hard and can withstand temperatures of up to o C. N ormally, tantalum, titanium, and tungsten make them up. Operations that require a high-quality surface finish also use them. Other classifications include diamond tools, cubic boron nitride CBN , sialon, and cermets.
CNC Cutting tools come in various shapes and sizes and you can use them for various milling and lathe cutting operations. R otational cutting tools that you can use for the removal of materials. For general purpose work, the tool used in is a single point tool, but for special operations, multipoint tools may use.
Watch the below-mentioned video to get understand about lathe machine operation. In a lathe machine work, different operations require different types of lathe cutting tools, according to the process of using the lathe cutting tools.
The main function of a rough turning tool is to remove the maximum amount of metal in minimum time that the tool, work, and the machine will permit. The cutting angle is so ground that it can withstand maximum cutting pressure.
Turning tool is used to remove the very small amount of metal. A tool angle is so ground that it can produce a very smooth and accurate surface. Straight turning tools are also used as a chamfering tool when the cutting edges are set at an angle of the chamfer.
Where a large number of chamfer works are to be performed a special chamfering tool with its side cutting edge angle ground to the angle of the chamfer is used.
A square shoulder is turned by a knife-edge turning tool or facing tool. A bevelled shoulder may be turned by a straight turning tool having a side cutting edge angle and zero nose radius. A filleted shoulder is turned by a straight turning tool with a nose radius corresponding to the fillet radius of the work. Metric, B. Its cutting edges sharpened to the shape and size of the thread to be cut. The shape of the tool is determined by the included angle at the nose of the tool which should correspond to the angle of the thread.
W threads. The size or cross-section of the cutting edges of the tool depends upon the pitch of the thread. Below figure illustrates an H. So for machining different screw threads having different pitches separates tools are used to produce accurate threads. The nose of the tool is pointed, flat or rounded according to the shape of the root of the thread. The side clearance of the tool for cutting square thread is of prime importance in order to prevent the tool from interfering or rubbing against the vertical flank of the thread.
The cutting edge of the tool is exactly similar to an external thread cutting tool but the front clearance angle is sufficiently increased as in a boring tool.
The tool is a forged type orbit type and held on a boring bar. The point of the tool must be set square with the work. A facing tool removes metal by its side cutting edges. So no top rake in necessary in a facing tool. The figure shows H. The length of the tool is , ,, and mm and the nose radius varies from 0.
Grooving tool is similar to a parting-off tool illustrated in the figure. An ordinary lathe turning tool may sever the purpose where a copying attachment is used to reproduce the form of a template.
Flat forming tools are made of two types:. These tools have their cutting edges ground to the shape of the groove, undercut, or thread to be cut. Flat dovetail forming tools have a wider cutting edge corresponding to the shape desired. Dovetail end of the tool is fitted in a special tool holder. These tools are preferred in production work as a very long cutting surface can be used resulting in longer tool life.
The centre of the tool is set slightly above the centre line of the work to provide an effective front clearance angle on the tool. The tool will rub against the work if the centres are of the same height. Regrinding is done by grinding the flat only. A boring tool is similar to a left-hand external turning tool so far its cutting edge is concerned. Straight and helical flutes and coolant supply to the cutting edge for optimum cooling and chip removal.
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