Sarvesh says:. July 29, at am. Tom says:. January 7, at pm. Jonathan B says:. October 18, at am. Luke C says:. October 13, at pm. Krish says:. July 23, at pm. Josh says:. April 17, at pm. January 15, at am. Mimi says:. December 26, at pm. Sisso says:. July 7, at am. March 7, at pm. Kavita says:. Donna Champagne says:.
December 9, at am. Mark Reed says:. October 9, at pm. June 24, at am. March 23, at am. Marc says:. March 7, at am. Harsh says:. March 9, at am. William Robertson says:. Membership in the wheel group confers on users the ability to become the root user by using the su utility on the command line.
In macOS Its functions have been assumed by the admin group. A member of the admin group referred to as an administrator can perform almost all functions the root user can, and can do them using the Finder—that is, without resorting to the command line.
The only thing the administrator is prevented from doing is directly adding, modifying, or deleting files in the system domain. An administrator can use special apps such as Installer or Software Update for this purpose, however. The user who installs macOS on a system becomes automatically the first administrator for the system.
Thereafter, this user or any other administrator can use Accounts preferences to create accounts on the local system for new users and can grant administrative privileges to any user on the system. This section discusses the use of permissions by network file server protocols. However, enforcement of permissions is done only on the server, not on the client. Otherwise you get the other permissions.
AFP implements a cumulative permissions policy: your permissions are the union of the permissions you derive from the owner, group, and other permissions. For example, if a folder is writable by the group but not by the owner, AFP permissions let the owner modify the folder but BSD permissions do not. BSD interprets the rwx bits for folders as shown in Table B When dealing with an AppleShare 2. A similar mapping applies when you connect to a macOS server using an AppleShare 2.
That is, if a client says that this file operation is done on behalf of user Bob, the server does the operation on behalf of user Bob. To maintain some security, most NFS servers map the root user to a special user, nobody , which owns no files or directories. SMB is a networking protocol for file sharing commonly used on Windows networks. Although individual users cannot set or alter ACLs, server administrators can do so. Administrators can use the SMB server command line to manipulate ACLs, but only if both the client and server are bound to the same Active Directory domain.
For OS X Consequently, when a user mounts an SMB file server, the volume, directory, or file mounted appears in the Finder to allow read, write, and execute access and to be owned by the user. The WebDAV protocol does not support users and groups. Therefore, the WebDAV file system in macOS sets the user and group IDs to unknown for all files and directories and the permissions default to read , write , and execute for everyone: user, group, and other.
If no authorization is required, the server accepts the request. If authorization is required, the server checks for authentication credentials such as a user name and password and, if they are present and correct, the server authorizes the client and allows access.
If authorization is required and no credentials were sent or the credentials are not correct, the server rejects the request with a challenge for authentication.
If the user cannot supply the correct credentials, the WebDAV file system refuses access. For more information on the protocols used by the WebDAV file system, see the following documents:. Although the underlying permissions model in iOS is the same as in macOS, in practice, iOS apps are limited by their sandbox such that an app can generally only access files created by that app.
Apps can access certain other files such as address book data and photos, but only through APIs specifically designed for that purpose. In addition, if file protection is enabled on an iOS device, apps can choose to prevent access to specific files to when the device is locked.
You might do this for files that contain private user data or sensitive information. As with the keychain, encrypted files in iOS are also encrypted in any backups of the mobile device. In addition to enabling encryption, you can also cause a file to be excluded from appearing in backups entirely. All Rights Reserved.
Terms of Use Privacy Policy Updated: To submit a product bug or enhancement request, please visit the Bug Reporter page. Documentation Archive Developer Search. Next Previous. WebDAV Used for directly accessing files on the web. Fat bit is not supported. ExFAT An interchange format used by digital cameras and other peripherals. The primary network file system for all versions of Mac OS. Table B-2 File permission bits using ACLs Bit File Directory read Open file for read List directory contents write Open file for write Add a file entry to the directory execute Execute file Search through the directory to access files or directories within it delete Delete file Delete directory append Append to file Add subdirectory to directory delete child — Remove a file or subdirectory entry from the directory read attributes Read basic attributes Read basic attributes write attributes Write basic attributes Write basic attributes read extended Read extended named attributes Read extended named attributes write extended Write extended named attributes Write extended named attributes read permissions Read file permissions ACL Read directory permissions ACL write permissions Write file permissions ACL Write directory permissions ACL take ownership Take ownership Take ownership.
This flag can be changed only by the superuser root. Yes, your Mac recognizes two-button mice, and will use the right-mouse button if given a chance. If you have Apple's white 'Mighty Mouse'-- the model with the little ball near the top to scroll vertically and horizontally, you can turn on the 'hidden' right button in the Mouse system preference Alternatively and especially on a Mac laptop that lacks a right-click , hold the Control key down and click Left clicking on it shows the default program along with other possible choices.
Again, choosing one of them will open the file in that application this time, but not change the defaults for that file. Again, if you want to change the defaults or use an unlisted application, choose Other Choosing it opens the following dialogue box: You get shown the contents of your Applications folder, with 'recommended applications' in black and others greyed out. If you want to use one of the grey ones-- for instance, Kompozer, my prefered web editor is greyed out if I do this with an HTML file-- change the Enable: setting to All Applications.
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